The ocean's global circulation
Ocean waters are connected by surface and deep currents. Surface currents are driven mostly by wind; Earth’s rotation and the shapes of ocean basins also influence circulation. The slow deep overturning circulation depends on water density, which is affected by temperature and salinity. It transports heat and participates in global carbon and nutrient cycles; deep-water movement is also linked to oxygen distribution.
Surface and deep ocean currents — an AI-generated conceptual illustration.
