Aivazovsky and light on canvas
Ivan Aivazovsky, *The Ninth Wave* (1850), held by the State Russian Museum. Wikimedia Commons file page https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aivazovsky,_Ivan_-_The_Ninth_Wave.jpg lists the two-dimensional artwork and faithful reproduction as public domain under PD-Mark. Creator: Ivan Aivazovsky; credit source: Hermitage torrent per Commons metadata; attribution: Ivan Aivazovsky / Hermitage digitization / Wikimedia Commons. Image visually checked 2026-10-28.
A later account says viewers, struck by the glow in an Aivazovsky sunrise or sunset painting, wondered whether a candle or lamp was hidden behind the canvas. This does not prove that the artist lit his paintings from behind. The Russian Museum explains his light effects through his painting technique, including glazing and brushwork.
