Individual coat patterns
Claim in the list: Giraffes have unique spot shapes and arrangements, like the unique stripes of tigers or human fingerprints.
Verification: Broadly supported as a practical statement about photo-identification. Researchers use distinctive giraffe spot patterns to recognize individuals, and tiger stripe patterns are used for individual photo-identification. Some giraffe pattern traits can be inherited from the mother, so “unique” does not mean wholly independent of family resemblance. The fingerprint comparison is an analogy for recognition, not a claim of the same biological mechanism or a mathematical proof of absolute uniqueness for every pattern.
Conclusion: Giraffe spots and tiger stripes are distinctive enough to help identify individuals; the fingerprint comparison is a popular simplification.