Looking into the past
Claim in the list: Because light travels through space at about 300,000 km/s, when we look at distant stars and galaxies, we see them in the distant past.
Verification: Confirmed. The speed of light in vacuum is exactly 299,792.458 km/s. Because light takes time to reach us, we see the Sun as it was about eight minutes ago, the nearest star as it was several years ago, and distant galaxies as they were millions or billions of years ago. For very distant galaxies, cosmic expansion complicates a simple mapping between present-day distance and light-travel time, but the principle that looking far away means looking into the past is correct.
Conclusion: Astronomical observations show objects as they were in the past because light travels at a finite speed.