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10sparks

The Viking “sunstone”

A medieval Icelandic saga mentions a “sunstone” that supposedly helped locate the Sun through cloud cover. The physics of polarized skylight and the properties of crystals such as Iceland spar make such a method optically possible under some conditions. But the exact stone described is unknown, and direct archaeological evidence that Vikings regularly used crystals for navigation is lacking.

Conceptual crystal-and-polarized-light scene generated by AI; not historical evidence.