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Capsaicin can influence seed dispersal

Плоди гострого перцю як предметне фото; не дослід вибору плодів птахами / Chili fruits as a subject photograph; not the bird fruit-choice experiment. Credit: Ariarymadachoix; CC BY-SA 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/?curid=147365077

Плоди гострого перцю як предметне фото; не дослід вибору плодів птахами / Chili fruits as a subject photograph; not the bird fruit-choice experiment. Credit: Ariarymadachoix; CC BY-SA 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/?curid=147365077

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Chili capsaicin deters many mammals more strongly than birds. Wild-chili experiments supported the hypothesis that this can discourage seed predators while leaving fruit available to more effective dispersers. This is an evolutionary explanation rather than a plant’s conscious intention; species and doses do not all produce identical responses.